Hydrogen economy has been described as an industrial system in which hydrogen plays a dominant role as energy carrier and fuel along with electricity.
What is a hydrogen economy?
The term "hydrogen economy" refers to the vision of using hydrogen as a low carbon energy source - for example, gasoline as a transport fuel or natural gas as a heating fuel. to change. Hydrogen is attractive because whether it is burned to generate heat or reacts with air in the fuel cell to generate electricity, the only by-product is water.
Hydrogen is not found in pure form on Earth, however, it must be produced from other compounds such as natural gas, biomass, alcohol or water. In all cases they require energy to convert them into pure hydrogen. Because of this, hydrogen is really an energy carrier or storage source rather than an energy source in itself - and the effects of climate change on its use depend on the carbon footprint of the energy used to produce it. ۔
One possible way to use hydrogen is to combine it with fuel cells in electric cars or buses to convert hydrogen into electricity. Fuel cells are attractive because they are far more efficient than the internal combustion engines they can replace - although they can later be used with hydrogen fuel if desired.
Hydrogen is currently the most abundant source of natural gas. In this case, a typical fuel cell car produces 70–80g of CO2 per kilometer - much like a modern gasoline hybrid or today's UK grid electric-powered battery electric vehicle. This emission can be reduced to zero if hydrogen is made to electrolyze water using low carbon power sources such as renewables, nuclear or CCS. The downside is that in this case, the fuel cell produces only about half the electricity that was previously used to generate hydrogen. The rest is lost as heat.
Demand for hydrogen.
It is now a big business worldwide. Demand for hydrogen, which has tripled since 1975, continues to grow - almost entirely supplied by fossil fuels, with 6% of global natural gas and 2% of global coal producing hydrogen. I go
As a result, hydrogen production is responsible for approximately 830 million tons of CO2 emissions of carbon dioxide each year, equivalent to the combined CO2 emissions of the UK and Indonesia.
Hydrogen production.
Hydrogen can be extracted from fossil fuels and biomass, from water, or from a mixture of both. Natural gas is currently the main source of hydrogen production, accounting for about three-quarters of the annual global dedicated hydrogen production of about 70 million tons. This is about 6% of the world's natural gas consumption. Due to its dominant role in China, gas is followed by coal, and a small portion is produced by the use of oil and electricity.
The cost of producing hydrogen from natural gas is affected by a range of technical and economic factors, the most important of which are gas prices and capital costs.
The cost of fuel is the largest component of cost which is between 45% and 75% of production cost. Low gas prices in the Middle East, Russia and North America lead to lower hydrogen production costs. Gas importers such as Japan, Korea, China and India have to contend with higher gas import prices, which increases the cost of producing hydrogen.
The benefits of hydrogen economy.
To better understand the benefits of hydrogen, we can first look at some of the current concerns regarding the structure of the current energy economy.
Four facts show that the current energy economy is not sustainable:
Energy demand is rising and raw materials for the fossil fuel economy are dwindling. Oil, coal, and natural gas supplies are not replenished because they are used, so alternatives must be found.
Most people who use fossil fuels do not live where the fuel is extracted. This situation creates tremendous economic impetus for the nations that use it to try to gain control of the fuel supply regions. For many people and governments around the world, the resulting conflicts are unacceptable.
Emissions from the use of fossil fuels significantly lower air quality worldwide, especially in the northeastern United States. Carbonated products are significantly changing the world's climate. As a result, the health and climate effects are unacceptable to many people and governments around the world.
Third world economies are especially sensitive when it comes to developing the energy systems needed to improve their economies. The economy of fossil fuels underscores the potential of energy suppliers to people and nations. This lack of economic freedom is unacceptable to many businesses and governments.
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